Actinium (Ac)

Atomic Number89
Atomic Mass227 u
CategoryActinide
Electron Config[Rn] 6d¹ 7s²
Appearancesilvery-white metallic
Density (STP)10070 g/L
Melting Point1500 K
Boiling Point3500 K
Electronegativity1.1 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy499 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius195 pm
Crystal StructureFace-centered Cubic
Discovered ByFriedrich Oskar Giesel (1899)

Brief Introduction

Actinium (Ac) is a highly radioactive, silvery-white metallic element. It is extremely rare and is the first element in the actinide series. Key details about Actinium (Ac) are as follows:

Uses: Primarily used in nuclear medicine research (Actinium-225) for targeted alpha-particle therapy to treat cancer. Also used as a neutron source in some industrial applications.

Production/Extraction: Occurs naturally in trace amounts as a decay product of uranium. Produced synthetically by bombarding radium with neutrons in nuclear reactors or by irradiating thorium.

History: Discovered in 1899 by André-Louis Debierne, a student of Marie Curie, in residues of pitchblende. Named from Greek "aktis" (ray) due to its radioactivity.

Health Effects & Safety: Extremely radiotoxic. Emits alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Accumulates in bones, causing severe damage to bone marrow and increasing cancer risk. Requires strict handling protocols.

Price/Market: Not commercially traded openly due to extreme toxicity and security risks. Sold only to licensed facilities for industrial/scientific use.

Properties: Radioactive, silvery metallic appearance, glows faintly blue in the dark, highly reactive, reacts with water, melting point around 1050°C.

← Radium (Ra) · Thorium (Th) →

Periodic Table