Actinium (Ac)
| Atomic Number | 89 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Mass | 227 u |
| Category | Actinide |
| Electron Config | [Rn] 6d¹ 7s² |
| Appearance | silvery-white metallic |
| Density (STP) | 10070 g/L |
| Melting Point | 1500 K |
| Boiling Point | 3500 K |
| Electronegativity | 1.1 (Pauling) |
| Ionization Energy | 499 kJ/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 195 pm |
| Crystal Structure | Face-centered Cubic |
| Discovered By | Friedrich Oskar Giesel (1899) |
Brief Introduction
Actinium (Ac) is a highly radioactive, silvery-white metallic element. It is extremely rare and is the first element in the actinide series. Key details about Actinium (Ac) are as follows:
Uses: Primarily used in nuclear medicine research (Actinium-225) for targeted alpha-particle therapy to treat cancer. Also used as a neutron source in some industrial applications.
Production/Extraction: Occurs naturally in trace amounts as a decay product of uranium. Produced synthetically by bombarding radium with neutrons in nuclear reactors or by irradiating thorium.
History: Discovered in 1899 by André-Louis Debierne, a student of Marie Curie, in residues of pitchblende. Named from Greek "aktis" (ray) due to its radioactivity.
Health Effects & Safety: Extremely radiotoxic. Emits alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Accumulates in bones, causing severe damage to bone marrow and increasing cancer risk. Requires strict handling protocols.
Price/Market: Not commercially traded openly due to extreme toxicity and security risks. Sold only to licensed facilities for industrial/scientific use.
Properties: Radioactive, silvery metallic appearance, glows faintly blue in the dark, highly reactive, reacts with water, melting point around 1050°C.
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