What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Gallium (Ga)

Atomic Number	31
Atomic Mass	69.7231 u
Category	Post-transition metal
Electron Config	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Appearance	silver-white
Density (STP)	5904 g/L
Melting Point	302.9146 K
Boiling Point	2673 K
Electronegativity	1.81 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	578.8 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	130 pm
Crystal Structure	Base Orthorhombic
Discovered By	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)

Brief Introduction

Gallium (Ga) is a soft, silvery metal that is liquid near room temperature (melts at 29.76°C) and has the largest liquid range of any element. It is primarily used in electronics and optoelectronics. Key details about Gallium (Ga) are as follows:

Uses: Critical for semiconductor devices (gallium arsenide GaAs in high-frequency electronics, solar cells, LEDs), integrated circuits, blue and violet LEDs and laser diodes (gallium nitride GaN), photovoltaic solar panels, and in some medical applications. Small amounts used in thermometers and heat transfer systems.

Production/Extraction: Produced as a byproduct of aluminum and zinc refining from bauxite. No primary gallium ores exist. China produces the majority of global gallium. Also recovered from coal fly ash.

History: Predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1871 (as "eka-aluminum"). Discovered by Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 through spectroscopy of zinc blende. Named after Gallia (Latin for France), though some suggest a pun on Lecoq's name (Latin "gallus" = rooster/Lecoq).

Health Effects & Safety: Considered relatively non-toxic in metallic form, though safety data is limited. Gallium compounds can be toxic. Liquid gallium at body temperature is safe to handle briefly but stains skin and clothing. Some isotopes are radioactive.

Price/Market: Price subject to significant fluctuations. Growing demand from LED and semiconductor industries. Export restrictions by China have impacted global markets. Classified as a critical mineral for technology applications.

Properties: Melts in hand (29.76°C), remains liquid until 2204°C (largest liquid range), expands upon solidification (like water), wets glass and most materials, superconducting below 1.083 K, and exhibits +3 oxidation state primarily.

← Zinc (Zn) · Germanium (Ge) →

Periodic Table