Dysprosium (Dy)
| Atomic Number | 66 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Mass | 162.5001 u |
| Category | Lanthanide |
| Electron Config | [Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s² |
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Density (STP) | 8551 g/L |
| Melting Point | 1680 K |
| Boiling Point | 2840 K |
| Electronegativity | 1.22 (Pauling) |
| Ionization Energy | 573 kJ/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 175 pm |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Discovered By | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886) |
Brief Introduction
Dysprosium (Dy) is a soft, silvery rare earth metal with metallic luster. It has high magnetic susceptibility and is used in applications requiring strong magnetic fields at high temperatures. Key details about Dysprosium (Dy) are as follows:
Uses: Used in neodymium-iron-boron magnets (improves high-temperature performance for electric vehicles and wind turbines), nuclear reactor control rods (excellent neutron absorber), data storage, lasers, and in terfenol-D magnetostrictive alloys.
Production/Extraction: Extracted from monazite and bastnäsite ores. One of the more expensive rare earth elements due to growing demand. China dominates production.
History: Discovered in 1886 by Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in France through spectroscopic analysis. Named from Greek "dysprositos" (hard to get) due to difficulty in isolation.
Health Effects & Safety: Low toxicity. No known biological role. Dysprosium compounds should be handled with care. Dust may be flammable.
Price/Market: High price and increasing demand due to critical role in high-performance magnets for clean energy applications. Classified as a critical mineral. Supply concerns due to concentration in China.
Properties: Soft and malleable, high magnetic susceptibility, exhibits +3 oxidation state primarily, excellent neutron absorber, and essential for high-temperature permanent magnets.
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