What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Copper (Cu)

Atomic Number	29
Atomic Mass	63.5463 u
Category	Transition metal
Electron Config	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
Appearance	red-orange metallic luster
Density (STP)	8960 g/L
Melting Point	1357.77 K
Boiling Point	2835 K
Electronegativity	1.9 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	745.5 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	135 pm
Crystal Structure	Face-centered Cubic
Discovered By	Middle East (-8000)

Brief Introduction

Copper (Cu) is a soft, malleable, ductile, reddish-orange metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity (second only to silver). It has been used by humans for over 10,000 years. Key details about Copper (Cu) are as follows:

Uses: Extensively used in electrical wiring and electronics (60% of copper use), plumbing and water pipes, heat exchangers and radiators, architectural applications (roofing, cladding), coinage, and in alloys (brass, bronze). Also used in biocides and as a nutritional supplement.

Production/Extraction: Extracted from sulfide ores (chalcopyrite) and oxide ores through smelting, flotation, and electrorefining. Chile, Peru, and China are major producers. Copper recycling is economically important (35% of supply).

History: One of the first metals worked by humans (Copper Age). Copper smelting began around 5000 BCE. Bronze (copper-tin alloy) revolutionized tools and weapons (Bronze Age, 3000 BCE). Name from Latin "cuprum" (from Cyprus, major ancient source).

Health Effects & Safety: Essential trace element for humans and most organisms (involved in iron metabolism, energy production, connective tissue formation). Deficiency is rare; excess causes liver damage (Wilson's disease). Copper has antimicrobial properties (hospitals use copper surfaces to reduce infections).

Price/Market: Price sensitive to global economic activity (construction, manufacturing, renewable energy). London Metal Exchange (LME) sets benchmark prices. Growing demand from electric vehicles and renewable energy infrastructure.

Properties: Excellent electrical conductor (97% of silver's conductivity), high thermal conductivity, naturally antimicrobial, forms green patina (copper carbonate) when exposed to air, ductile and easily worked, and exhibits +1 and +2 oxidation states.

← Nickel (Ni) · Zinc (Zn) →

Periodic Table