Strontium (Sr)

Atomic Number38
Atomic Mass87.621 u
CategoryAlkaline earth metal
Electron Config[Kr] 5s²
Appearancesilvery white metallic
Density (STP)2630 g/L
Melting Point1050 K
Boiling Point1650 K
Electronegativity0.95 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy549.5 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius200 pm
Crystal StructureFace-centered Cubic
Discovered ByWilliam Cruickshank (chemist) (1790)

Brief Introduction

Strontium (Sr) is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal that is highly reactive and never found free in nature. It burns in air and reacts vigorously with water. Key details about Strontium (Sr) are as follows:

Uses: Used in fireworks and flares (strontium compounds produce brilliant red color), ferrite magnets for small motors, zinc refining (removes lead impurities), glass for cathode ray tubes (now declining), and in certain medical applications (strontium ranelate for osteoporosis). Radioactive Sr-90 is a dangerous nuclear fission product.

Production/Extraction: Extracted from celestine (strontium sulfate) and strontianite (strontium carbonate) ores through reduction. Major sources include Spain, Mexico, and China. Production has declined with reduced demand from CRT televisions.

History: Discovered in 1790 by Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank in a mineral from Strontian, Scotland. First isolated by Humphry Davy in 1808 through electrolysis. Named after Strontian, its discovery location.

Health Effects & Safety: Metallic strontium reacts with water and must be stored under oil. Stable strontium is relatively non-toxic and chemically similar to calcium (can substitute in bones). Radioactive strontium-90 (from nuclear fallout) is extremely hazardous as it mimics calcium, accumulating in bones and causing cancer.

Price/Market: Moderate pricing; demand has decreased with decline of CRT technology. Fireworks and specialized applications maintain steady demand. Concerns about Sr-90 contamination from nuclear accidents affect perception.

Properties: Soft and silvery, burns in air with crimson red flame (basis for red fireworks), reacts vigorously with water, similar chemical properties to calcium and barium, exhibits +2 oxidation state exclusively, and metallic strontium must be protected from air and moisture.

← Rubidium (Rb) · Yttrium (Y) →

Periodic Table