Americium (Am)
| Atomic Number | 95 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Mass | 243 u |
| Category | Actinide |
| Electron Config | [Rn] 5f⁷ 7s² |
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Density (STP) | 13670 g/L |
| Melting Point | 1449 K |
| Boiling Point | 2880 K |
| Electronegativity | 1.13 (Pauling) |
| Ionization Energy | 578 kJ/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 175 pm |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Discovered By | Glenn T. Seaborg (1944) |
Brief Introduction
Americium (Am) is a silvery-white, radioactive actinide metal. It is commonly used in household smoke detectors. Key details about Americium (Am) are as follows:
Uses: Primarily used in ionization smoke detectors (Am-241). Also used in industrial gauges, as a portable source of gamma rays and alpha particles for medical applications, and in neutron sources.
Production/Extraction: Produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors. Extracted from spent nuclear fuel. Named after the Americas, analogous to europium (named after Europe).
History: Discovered in 1944 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso at UC Berkeley during the Manhattan Project.
Health Effects & Safety: Radioactive and toxic. Am-241 emits alpha particles and gamma rays. Relatively safe in sealed smoke detectors, but hazardous if released. Accumulates in bones and liver.
Price/Market: Limited commercial market, primarily for smoke detectors. Strictly regulated. Small quantities are relatively affordable for licensed users.
Properties: Radioactive, silvery-white metallic appearance, tarnishes slowly in air, most common isotope Am-241 has half-life of 432 years, melting point around 1176°C.
← Plutonium (Pu) · Curium (Cm) →