Americium (Am)

Atomic Number95
Atomic Mass243 u
CategoryActinide
Electron Config[Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²
Appearancesilvery white
Density (STP)13670 g/L
Melting Point1449 K
Boiling Point2880 K
Electronegativity1.13 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy578 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius175 pm
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Discovered ByGlenn T. Seaborg (1944)

Brief Introduction

Americium (Am) is a silvery-white, radioactive actinide metal. It is commonly used in household smoke detectors. Key details about Americium (Am) are as follows:

Uses: Primarily used in ionization smoke detectors (Am-241). Also used in industrial gauges, as a portable source of gamma rays and alpha particles for medical applications, and in neutron sources.

Production/Extraction: Produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors. Extracted from spent nuclear fuel. Named after the Americas, analogous to europium (named after Europe).

History: Discovered in 1944 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso at UC Berkeley during the Manhattan Project.

Health Effects & Safety: Radioactive and toxic. Am-241 emits alpha particles and gamma rays. Relatively safe in sealed smoke detectors, but hazardous if released. Accumulates in bones and liver.

Price/Market: Limited commercial market, primarily for smoke detectors. Strictly regulated. Small quantities are relatively affordable for licensed users.

Properties: Radioactive, silvery-white metallic appearance, tarnishes slowly in air, most common isotope Am-241 has half-life of 432 years, melting point around 1176°C.

← Plutonium (Pu) · Curium (Cm) →

Periodic Table