What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Molybdenum (Mo)

Atomic Number	42
Atomic Mass	95.951 u
Category	Transition metal
Electron Config	[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹
Appearance	gray metallic
Density (STP)	10280 g/L
Melting Point	2896 K
Boiling Point	4912 K
Electronegativity	2.16 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	684.3 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	145 pm
Crystal Structure	Body-centered Cubic
Discovered By	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)

Brief Introduction

Molybdenum (Mo) is a silvery-gray, hard transition metal with one of the highest melting points of all elements. It is essential for life and important in industrial applications. Key details about Molybdenum (Mo) are as follows:

Uses: Primarily used in steel alloys (stainless steel, tool steel, high-strength steel) to increase strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance, superalloys for jet engines, catalysts in petroleum refining (hydrodesulfurization), lubricants (molybdenum disulfide, MoS₂), electrodes, and in pigments.

Production/Extraction: Extracted from molybdenite (MoS₂) ore through roasting and further processing. Also obtained as a byproduct of copper mining. China, Chile, and the United States are major producers.

History: Molybdenite (molybdenum sulfide) was confused with lead ore and graphite for centuries. Identified as a distinct element by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1778. First isolated by Peter Jacob Hjelm in 1781. Named from Greek "molybdos" (lead-like).

Health Effects & Safety: Essential trace element for animals and plants (cofactor for enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism). Deficiency is rare in humans. Excess molybdenum can interfere with copper metabolism. Molybdenum compounds have low toxicity overall.

Price/Market: Price sensitive to steel production demand. Molybdenum oxide and ferromolybdenum are main commercial forms. Recycling from scrap steel is significant. Supply relatively stable.

Price/Market: Price sensitive to steel production demand and mining output. Classified as a critical mineral for defense and energy applications.

Properties: Very high melting point (2623°C, sixth highest of all elements), excellent high-temperature strength, low thermal expansion, good electrical conductor, forms protective oxide, exhibits multiple oxidation states (+4 and +6 most common), and molybdenum disulfide is an excellent solid lubricant.

← Niobium (Nb) · Technetium (Tc) →

Periodic Table