Technetium (Tc)
| Atomic Number | 43 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Mass | 98 u |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Electron Config | [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s² |
| Appearance | shiny gray metal |
| Density (STP) | 11500 g/L |
| Melting Point | 2430 K |
| Boiling Point | 4538 K |
| Electronegativity | 1.9 (Pauling) |
| Ionization Energy | 702 kJ/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 135 pm |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Discovered By | Emilio Segrè (1937) |
Brief Introduction
Technetium (Tc) is a silvery-gray radioactive metal that is the lightest element with no stable isotopes. All isotopes are radioactive, making it extremely rare in nature. Key details about Technetium (Tc) are as follows:
Uses: Primarily used in nuclear medicine (Tc-99m is the most widely used medical radioisotope for diagnostic imaging), as a corrosion inhibitor for steel, and in research. Limited other applications due to radioactivity and scarcity.
Production/Extraction: Produced artificially in nuclear reactors as a fission product of uranium or by neutron bombardment of molybdenum-98. Tc-99m is produced from Mo-99 generators in hospitals. Extremely rare in nature (found in trace amounts in uranium ores and as a spontaneous fission product).
History: First element to be artificially produced. Discovered in 1937 by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè in Italy by bombarding molybdenum with deuterons. Predicted by Mendeleev (as "eka-manganese"). Named from Greek "technetos" (artificial).
Health Effects & Safety: Radioactive and must be handled with appropriate precautions. Tc-99m has a short half-life (6 hours), making it ideal for medical imaging with minimal radiation exposure. Tc-99 (longer half-life) is a nuclear waste concern.
Price/Market: Not commercially traded in metallic form. Medical isotope Tc-99m is produced in Mo-99 generators distributed to hospitals. Supply disruptions in Mo-99 production have occasionally caused medical imaging shortages.
Properties: Lightest radioactive element, no stable isotopes, silvery appearance (when isolated), chemically similar to rhenium and manganese, exhibits multiple oxidation states (-1 to +7), and slowly tarnishes in moist air.