Technetium (Tc)

Atomic Number43
Atomic Mass98 u
CategoryTransition metal
Electron Config[Kr] 4d⁵ 5s²
Appearanceshiny gray metal
Density (STP)11500 g/L
Melting Point2430 K
Boiling Point4538 K
Electronegativity1.9 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy702 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius135 pm
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Discovered ByEmilio Segrè (1937)

Brief Introduction

Technetium (Tc) is a silvery-gray radioactive metal that is the lightest element with no stable isotopes. All isotopes are radioactive, making it extremely rare in nature. Key details about Technetium (Tc) are as follows:

Uses: Primarily used in nuclear medicine (Tc-99m is the most widely used medical radioisotope for diagnostic imaging), as a corrosion inhibitor for steel, and in research. Limited other applications due to radioactivity and scarcity.

Production/Extraction: Produced artificially in nuclear reactors as a fission product of uranium or by neutron bombardment of molybdenum-98. Tc-99m is produced from Mo-99 generators in hospitals. Extremely rare in nature (found in trace amounts in uranium ores and as a spontaneous fission product).

History: First element to be artificially produced. Discovered in 1937 by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè in Italy by bombarding molybdenum with deuterons. Predicted by Mendeleev (as "eka-manganese"). Named from Greek "technetos" (artificial).

Health Effects & Safety: Radioactive and must be handled with appropriate precautions. Tc-99m has a short half-life (6 hours), making it ideal for medical imaging with minimal radiation exposure. Tc-99 (longer half-life) is a nuclear waste concern.

Price/Market: Not commercially traded in metallic form. Medical isotope Tc-99m is produced in Mo-99 generators distributed to hospitals. Supply disruptions in Mo-99 production have occasionally caused medical imaging shortages.

Properties: Lightest radioactive element, no stable isotopes, silvery appearance (when isolated), chemically similar to rhenium and manganese, exhibits multiple oxidation states (-1 to +7), and slowly tarnishes in moist air.

← Molybdenum (Mo) · Ruthenium (Ru) →

Periodic Table