What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Cadmium (Cd)

Atomic Number	48
Atomic Mass	112.4144 u
Category	Transition metal
Electron Config	[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²
Appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
Density (STP)	8650 g/L
Melting Point	594.22 K
Boiling Point	1040 K
Electronegativity	1.69 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	867.8 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	155 pm
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal
Discovered By	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann (1817)

Brief Introduction

Cadmium (Cd) is a soft, bluish-white, toxic transition metal that is chemically similar to zinc. It is highly corrosive to many metals and has environmental health concerns. Key details about Cadmium (Cd) are as follows:

Uses: Used in nickel-cadmium (NiCd) rechargeable batteries (declining due to toxicity concerns), pigments (cadmium yellow, cadmium red for artists' paints), coatings and plating (corrosion protection, now restricted), plastic stabilizers (PVC), and in certain metal alloys. Also used in control rods for nuclear reactors (high neutron absorption).

Production/Extraction: Produced almost entirely as a byproduct of zinc refining (cadmium occurs with zinc in ores). China, South Korea, and Japan are major producers. Cannot be economically mined independently.

History: Discovered by Friedrich Stromeyer in 1817 in Germany as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Named from Latin "cadmia" (calamine, zinc carbonate), which comes from Greek "kadmeia" (Cadmean earth).

Health Effects & Safety: Highly toxic heavy metal and human carcinogen. Accumulates in kidneys and liver, causing kidney disease, bone demineralization (itai-itai disease in Japan), and cancer. Major environmental pollutant (found in cigarette smoke, contaminated water and food). Use increasingly restricted by regulations (EU RoHS directive).

Price/Market: Moderate pricing as a byproduct metal. Market declining due to environmental regulations and replacement of NiCd batteries with lithium-ion technology. Disposal and recycling regulated due to toxicity.

Properties: Soft and ductile, low melting point (321°C), corrosion-resistant (protective oxide layer), strong neutron absorber, exhibits +2 oxidation state almost exclusively, and forms colorful compounds (yellow, orange, red pigments).

← Silver (Ag) · Indium (In) →

Periodic Table