What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Scandium (Sc)

Atomic Number	21
Atomic Mass	44.9559085 u
Category	Transition metal
Electron Config	[Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
Appearance	silvery white
Density (STP)	2985 g/L
Melting Point	1814 K
Boiling Point	3109 K
Electronegativity	1.36 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	633.1 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	160 pm
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal
Discovered By	Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879)

Brief Introduction

Scandium (Sc) is a silvery-white transition metal that is relatively soft and lightweight. It is rare and expensive, despite being more abundant than many other rare metals. Key details about Scandium (Sc) are as follows:

Uses: Used in high-performance aluminum-scandium alloys for aerospace and sporting goods (bicycles, baseball bats), in metal halide lamps (high-intensity lighting), and in solid oxide fuel cells. Limited uses due to high cost and low availability.

Production/Extraction: Produced as a byproduct of uranium and rare earth processing, or extracted from thortveitite and other rare minerals. Major sources include China, Russia, and Ukraine. No primary scandium mines exist currently.

History: Predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev (as "ekaboron") based on gaps in his periodic table. Discovered by Lars Fredrik Nilson in 1879 in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite. Named after Scandinavia.

Health Effects & Safety: Considered non-toxic with no biological role known. Safety data is limited due to rarity. Scandium compounds should be handled with care as with other rare earth elements.

Price/Market: Extremely expensive due to limited production and difficult extraction. Growing interest in scandium-aluminum alloys for aerospace and 3D printing could drive future demand. Classified as a critical mineral.

Properties: Lightweight for a transition metal, resistant to weathering and corrosion (forms protective oxide layer), exhibits +3 oxidation state almost exclusively, silvery appearance but tarnishes in air, and has similar chemical behavior to rare earth elements despite not being one.

← Calcium (Ca) · Titanium (Ti) →

Periodic Table