What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Palladium (Pd)

Atomic Number	46
Atomic Mass	106.421 u
Category	Transition metal
Electron Config	[Kr] 4d¹⁰
Appearance	silvery white
Density (STP)	12023 g/L
Melting Point	1828.05 K
Boiling Point	3236 K
Electronegativity	2.2 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	804.4 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	140 pm
Crystal Structure	Face-centered Cubic
Discovered By	William Hyde Wollaston (1803)

Brief Introduction

Palladium (Pd) is a soft, silvery-white transition metal belonging to the platinum group. It has the lowest melting point and density of the platinum group metals and has remarkable hydrogen absorption properties. Key details about Palladium (Pd) are as follows:

Uses: Primarily used in catalytic converters (especially for gasoline engines), electronics (multilayer ceramic capacitors, hybrid integrated circuits), dentistry (alloys for crowns and bridges), jewelry (white gold alloys), hydrogen purification and storage, and as a catalyst in organic chemistry (Suzuki and Heck reactions).

Production/Extraction: Produced primarily from nickel-copper sulfide ores in Russia and South Africa, with additional production from platinum ores. Russia and South Africa dominate supply. Also recovered from recycled catalytic converters.

History: Discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1803 in platinum ore, shortly after discovering rhodium. Named after the asteroid Pallas, which had been discovered in 1802. Wollaston initially sold it anonymously as a "new silver."

Health Effects & Safety: Generally considered non-toxic, though some people develop allergic reactions (especially to palladium in dental work and jewelry). Palladium compounds should be handled with care. No known biological role.

Price/Market: Price extremely volatile and has surged dramatically in recent years due to tightening emission standards increasing catalytic converter demand. Can exceed platinum and gold prices. Supply constraints and geopolitical factors (Russia, South Africa) significantly impact markets.

Properties: Absorbs up to 900 times its volume of hydrogen gas at room temperature (unique among metals), excellent catalytic properties, resistant to corrosion and oxidation, ductile and malleable, lowest melting point (1555°C) among platinum group metals, and exhibits primarily +2 and +4 oxidation states.

← Rhodium (Rh) · Silver (Ag) →

Periodic Table