What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Lead (Pb)

Atomic Number	82
Atomic Mass	207.21 u
Category	Post-transition metal
Electron Config	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²
Appearance	metallic gray
Density (STP)	11340 g/L
Melting Point	600.61 K
Boiling Point	2022 K
Electronegativity	1.87 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	715.6 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	180 pm
Crystal Structure	Face-centered Cubic
Discovered By	Ancient civilizations (-4000)

Brief Introduction

Lead (Pb) is a heavy, soft, malleable, bluish-gray post-transition metal. It has the highest atomic number of any stable element. It is dense, ductile, and poorly conductive. Key details about Lead (Pb) are as follows:

Uses: Used in lead-acid batteries (vehicles, backup power), radiation shielding, ammunition, cable sheathing, and weighting applications. Historically used in plumbing, paints, and gasoline (now restricted due to toxicity).

Production/Extraction: Extracted from galena (lead sulfide) ore via roasting and smelting. China, Australia, and the U.S. are major producers. Recycling (especially from batteries) is a massive industry and primary source of supply.

History: Known since ancient times; ancient Romans used it extensively for plumbing (hence "plumbing" from Latin "plumbum"). Symbol Pb from "plumbum."

Health Effects & Safety: Potent neurotoxin that accumulates in soft tissues and bones. Causes neurological damage (especially in children), kidney failure, and anemia. No known safe level of exposure. Environmental regulations have significantly reduced its use in consumer products.

Price/Market: Relatively low price, traded on LME. Demand dominated by the battery industry. Recycling rate is one of the highest among all materials (>95% in many developed countries).

Properties: High density, low melting point (327.5°C), soft and malleable, corrosion-resistant, effective gamma radiation and X-ray shield, and exhibits +2 and +4 oxidation states.

← Thallium (Tl) · Bismuth (Bi) →

Periodic Table