Berkelium (Bk)
| Atomic Number | 97 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Mass | 247 u |
| Category | Actinide |
| Electron Config | [Rn] 5f⁹ 7s² |
| Appearance | silvery |
| Density (STP) | 14780 g/L |
| Melting Point | 1259 K |
| Boiling Point | 2900 K |
| Electronegativity | 1.3 (Pauling) |
| Ionization Energy | 601 kJ/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 170 pm |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
| Discovered By | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1949) |
Brief Introduction
Berkelium (Bk) is a silvery, radioactive actinide metal. It is relatively rare even among synthetic elements. Key details about Berkelium (Bk) are as follows:
Uses: Primarily used as a target material for producing heavier elements (californium and beyond). No other significant applications due to rarity and radioactivity.
Production/Extraction: Produced by bombarding americium or curium with alpha particles or neutrons in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. Only produced in milligram quantities.
History: Discovered in 1949 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, and Albert Ghiorso at UC Berkeley. Named after Berkeley, California, home of the university where it was discovered.
Health Effects & Safety: Highly radioactive. Limited data on toxicity due to scarcity, but assumed to be similar to other actinides. Requires strict containment.
Price/Market: Not commercially available. Produced only for research purposes.
Properties: Radioactive, silvery metallic appearance, most stable isotope Bk-247 has half-life of 1,380 years, melting point around 986°C.
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