Berkelium (Bk)

Atomic Number97
Atomic Mass247 u
CategoryActinide
Electron Config[Rn] 5f⁹ 7s²
Appearancesilvery
Density (STP)14780 g/L
Melting Point1259 K
Boiling Point2900 K
Electronegativity1.3 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy601 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius170 pm
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Discovered ByLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1949)

Brief Introduction

Berkelium (Bk) is a silvery, radioactive actinide metal. It is relatively rare even among synthetic elements. Key details about Berkelium (Bk) are as follows:

Uses: Primarily used as a target material for producing heavier elements (californium and beyond). No other significant applications due to rarity and radioactivity.

Production/Extraction: Produced by bombarding americium or curium with alpha particles or neutrons in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. Only produced in milligram quantities.

History: Discovered in 1949 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, and Albert Ghiorso at UC Berkeley. Named after Berkeley, California, home of the university where it was discovered.

Health Effects & Safety: Highly radioactive. Limited data on toxicity due to scarcity, but assumed to be similar to other actinides. Requires strict containment.

Price/Market: Not commercially available. Produced only for research purposes.

Properties: Radioactive, silvery metallic appearance, most stable isotope Bk-247 has half-life of 1,380 years, melting point around 986°C.

← Curium (Cm) · Californium (Cf) →

Periodic Table