What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Thallium (Tl)

Atomic Number	81
Atomic Mass	204.38 u
Category	Post-transition metal
Electron Config	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹
Appearance	silvery white
Density (STP)	11850 g/L
Melting Point	577 K
Boiling Point	1746 K
Electronegativity	1.62 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	589.4 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	190 pm
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal
Discovered By	William Crookes (1861)

Brief Introduction

Thallium (Tl) is a soft, gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. It is highly toxic. Key details about Thallium (Tl) are as follows:

Uses: Used in electronics (photoelectric cells, infrared detectors), low-melting glass (for lenses), thallium-based high-temperature superconductors, and medical imaging (Thallium-201 stress tests). Historically used as rat poison and ant killer (banned in many countries).

Production/Extraction: Produced as a byproduct of lead and zinc refining. Not mined specifically for its own sake. Major producers include China, Kazakhstan, and Russia.

History: Discovered in 1861 by William Crookes via spectroscopy. Named from Greek "thallos" (green shoot or twig) due to its bright green spectral emission line. Isolated by Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy in 1862.

Health Effects & Safety: Extremely toxic (historically a favorite of poisoners due to being tasteless and odorless). Causes hair loss (alopecia), nerve damage, and death. Rapidly absorbed through skin. Strict safety protocols required.

Price/Market: Limited commercial market. Pricing is variable and negotiated directly between suppliers and consumers. Demand is driven by specialized optics and electronics.

Properties: Very soft and malleable (can be cut with a knife), tarnishes rapidly to a dark gray oxide, toxic, exhibits +1 and +3 oxidation states, and melts at 304°C.

← Mercury (Hg) · Lead (Pb) →

Periodic Table