What is the Interactive Periodic Table?

The Interactive Periodic Table is a free, modern web application that displays all 118 elements with detailed properties, 3D Bohr model visualizations, crystal structure renderings, and text-to-speech pronunciation. It works on desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

What information is available for each element?

Each element page includes atomic number, atomic mass, electron configuration, physical properties (density, melting and boiling points, state of matter), chemical properties (electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity), an interactive 3D Bohr model, 3D crystal structure, and an AI-generated educational summary.

Can I use this periodic table for teaching?

Yes. The Interactive Periodic Table includes a full-screen mode designed for projectors and classroom presentations. All content is educational and completely free to use without registration.

Does it work on mobile devices?

Yes. The web app is fully responsive and also available as native iOS and Android apps that can be downloaded from the app stores.

What are the 3D visualizations?

Each element features an interactive 3D Bohr model showing electron shells orbiting the nucleus, and a 3D crystal structure rendering showing the element's atomic arrangement. Both are powered by Three.js and React Three Fiber.

Is this periodic table free?

Yes, the Interactive Periodic Table is completely free with no registration, no ads, and no data collection required.

How many elements are included?

All 118 confirmed elements from Hydrogen (H, atomic number 1) through Oganesson (Og, atomic number 118) are included with full data and visualizations.

Can I hear how element names are pronounced?

Yes. The text-to-speech feature allows you to hear the correct pronunciation of any element name. This works on both the web version and native mobile apps.

Rubidium (Rb)

Atomic Number	37
Atomic Mass	85.46783 u
Category	Alkali metal
Electron Config	[Kr] 5s¹
Appearance	grey white
Density (STP)	1532 g/L
Melting Point	312.45 K
Boiling Point	961 K
Electronegativity	0.82 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy	403 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius	235 pm
Crystal Structure	Body-centered Cubic
Discovered By	Robert Bunsen (1861)

Brief Introduction

Rubidium (Rb) is a very soft, silvery-white alkali metal that is highly reactive and pyrophoric (ignites spontaneously in air). It is the second most electropositive and alkaline element after cesium. Key details about Rubidium (Rb) are as follows:

Uses: Used in atomic clocks (less accurate than cesium but more compact), specialized glass manufacturing, photocells and photoelectric devices, research in Bose-Einstein condensates, getters in vacuum tubes, and in some biomedical research. Limited commercial applications due to high cost.

Production/Extraction: Produced as a byproduct of lithium processing from lepidolite ore, or extracted from pollucite. Not mined as a primary product. Production is limited and mainly serves research needs.

History: Discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in 1861 through spectroscopy (the first element discovered spectroscopically). Named from Latin "rubidus" (deepest red) due to its bright red spectral lines.

Health Effects & Safety: Violently reactive with water (more vigorous than potassium or sodium), producing hydrogen gas and igniting spontaneously. Must be stored under inert atmosphere or mineral oil. Rubidium ions can partially substitute for potassium in biological systems but have no known biological role. Mildly toxic.

Price/Market: Expensive due to limited production and niche applications. Research and specialty applications drive small-scale demand.

Properties: Extremely reactive (ignites spontaneously in air, reacts explosively with water), very soft (can be cut with a knife), low melting point (39°C), can become liquid on warm days, exhibits characteristic red-violet flame color, and +1 oxidation state exclusively.

← Krypton (Kr) · Strontium (Sr) →

Periodic Table