Platinum (Pt)
| Atomic Number | 78 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Mass | 195.0849 u |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Electron Config | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹ |
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Density (STP) | 21450 g/L |
| Melting Point | 2041.4 K |
| Boiling Point | 4098 K |
| Electronegativity | 2.28 (Pauling) |
| Ionization Energy | 870 kJ/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 135 pm |
| Crystal Structure | Face-centered Cubic |
| Discovered By | Antonio de Ulloa (1735) |
Brief Introduction
Platinum (Pt) is a dense, malleable, ductile, silvery-white transition metal that is highly unreactive. It is one of the rarest elements in Earth's crust and a prominent precious metal. Key details about Platinum (Pt) are as follows:
Uses: Used in catalytic converters (automotive emissions control), jewelry, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts, dentistry, and as an investment commodity. Platinum-based drugs (e.g., cisplatin) are used in chemotherapy.
Production/Extraction: Extracted from sperrylite and cooperite ores, and as a byproduct of nickel and copper refining. South Africa accounts for the majority of global production, followed by Russia and Zimbabwe.
History: Used by pre-Columbian South Americans. First referenced in European writing by Julius Caesar Scaliger in 1557. "Discovered" by Antonio de Ulloa in 1735. Named from Spanish "platina" (little silver).
Health Effects & Safety: Metallic platinum is biologically inert and non-toxic. Platinum salts can cause allergic reactions and DNA damage (hence their use in chemotherapy). Occupational exposure to salts can cause platinosis (respiratory sensitization).
Price/Market: High-value precious metal. Price influenced by automotive demand (diesel engines primarily use platinum catalysts), jewelry market, and investment flows. Historically often more expensive than gold, though this fluctuates.
Properties: Dense, malleable, ductile, highly corrosion-resistant (noble metal), high melting point (1768°C), excellent catalytic properties, and does not oxidize in air at any temperature.
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