Platinum (Pt)

Atomic Number78
Atomic Mass195.0849 u
CategoryTransition metal
Electron Config[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹
Appearancesilvery white
Density (STP)21450 g/L
Melting Point2041.4 K
Boiling Point4098 K
Electronegativity2.28 (Pauling)
Ionization Energy870 kJ/mol
Atomic Radius135 pm
Crystal StructureFace-centered Cubic
Discovered ByAntonio de Ulloa (1735)

Brief Introduction

Platinum (Pt) is a dense, malleable, ductile, silvery-white transition metal that is highly unreactive. It is one of the rarest elements in Earth's crust and a prominent precious metal. Key details about Platinum (Pt) are as follows:

Uses: Used in catalytic converters (automotive emissions control), jewelry, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts, dentistry, and as an investment commodity. Platinum-based drugs (e.g., cisplatin) are used in chemotherapy.

Production/Extraction: Extracted from sperrylite and cooperite ores, and as a byproduct of nickel and copper refining. South Africa accounts for the majority of global production, followed by Russia and Zimbabwe.

History: Used by pre-Columbian South Americans. First referenced in European writing by Julius Caesar Scaliger in 1557. "Discovered" by Antonio de Ulloa in 1735. Named from Spanish "platina" (little silver).

Health Effects & Safety: Metallic platinum is biologically inert and non-toxic. Platinum salts can cause allergic reactions and DNA damage (hence their use in chemotherapy). Occupational exposure to salts can cause platinosis (respiratory sensitization).

Price/Market: High-value precious metal. Price influenced by automotive demand (diesel engines primarily use platinum catalysts), jewelry market, and investment flows. Historically often more expensive than gold, though this fluctuates.

Properties: Dense, malleable, ductile, highly corrosion-resistant (noble metal), high melting point (1768°C), excellent catalytic properties, and does not oxidize in air at any temperature.

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Periodic Table